NIOS Class 10 Science Worksheet 22 Questions Answers – Life Processes

This Worksheet 22 contains questions based on Chapter 22 Life Processes – Nutrition, Transportation, Respiration and Excretion complete answers.

This post explains the answers of questions given in the worksheet including explanation, diagrams. These solutions will help you complete your assignments and TMA also.

 

Life Processes – Nutrition, Transportation, Respiration and Excretion Worksheet 22 Solution

Q1. For the healthy growth and development of the body you need to eat food that provides enough essential nutrients. Why? Justify the statement.

Answer

We need essential nutrients because each nutrient has a specific and important role and we get these nutrients from our food. Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, roughage and water are main nutrients.

 We need these nutrients because following reasons:

   1. Carbohydrates provide energy for daily activities like walking, studying, breathing and all life processes.

   2. Protein helps in the growth of the body, repair of worn-out tissues and formation of muscles, enzymes and hormones

   3. Fat keeps the body warm and helps in the transport of fat-soluble vitamins.

   4. Vitamins and minerals are growth regulating and protective nutrients. They keep the body healthy, and prevent deficiency diseases.

   5. Water regulates body temperature and helps in digestion and transport of nutrients.

    6. Roughage helps in proper bowl movements and prevents constipation.

So, Lack of any of these nutrients leads to malnutrition and causes deficiency diseases like marasmus, kwashiorkor, goitre etc.

 

Q2. List down the raw materials for photosynthesis. Mention the role of stomata play in photosynthesis.

Answer

Raw materials required for photosynthesis

A plant needs following materials during photosynthesis

   1. Carbon di oxide: - It is taken form the air through stomata. It provides carbon for making glucose.

   2. Water: - It is absorbed from the soil by roots and transported to leaves. It provides hydrogen for making glucose.

   3. Sunlight: - It supplies energy needed to carry out the chemical reaction of photosynthesis.

   4. Chlorophyll: - It is a green pigment in chloroplast of leaf cells and it traps sunlight.

Role of stomata in photosynthesis

Stomata are tiny pores present on the surface of leaves. They play important role in photosynthesis by

i.   Allowing carbon dioxide to enter the leaf form the atmosphere.

ii.    Releasing oxygen in the atmosphere as a by-product of photosynthesis.

iii.    Creating transpiration pull and helps in the upward movement of water

 

Q3. Write down the nutritional disorder or diseases which occur in children dur to lack of adequate and balanced diet.

Answer

The disease that occurs in children due to lack of adequate and balanced diet are called deficiency diseases. The main nutritional disorders are:

    1. Protein energy malnutrition: - This occurs due to deficiency of proteins and energy in the diet. Following two main disorders –(i) Marasmus (ii) Kwashiorkor

   (i)      Marasmus – This disorder occurs in children below one year of age. This is mainly caused by lack of mother’s milk and lack of food.

 Symptoms

a.  Loss of body weight and muscles

b. Loose folds of skin

c.  Prominent ribs

d. Slow growth and development

(ii)   Kwashiorkor – This disorder occurs in children of 1 – 5 years of age and caused mainly due to protein deficiency.

 Symptoms

   a.  Swollen belly

   b. Enlarged liver

   c.  Dark scaly skin

   d. Reddish brown hair

   e.  Thin legs

   f.   Retorted physical and mental growth

   2. Vitamin deficiency disease – These diseases occur due to lack of vitamins in diet. Some deficiency diseases are following –

   (i)      Night blindness – Due to vitamin A deficiency

   (ii)    Beri- beri - Due to vitamin B1 deficiency

   (iii)    Anaemia – Due to vitamin B12 deficiency

   (iv)    Scurvy – Due to vitamin C deficiency

   (v)       Rickets - Due to vitamin D deficiency

   3. Mineral Deficiency Diseases – These diseases occur due to lack of minerals in diet.

   (i)       Anaemia – Due to iron deficiency

  (ii)      Goitre – Due to iodine deficiency

 

 

Q4. Name the enzymes and acids that take part in the digestion process?

Answer

The digestion process in humans involves several enzymes and an acid.

(i)     Following enzymes are involved in digestion

i.  Salivary amylase (Ptyalin) – This enzyme is secreted by salivary glands in the mouth. This enzyme digest starch into sugar maltose.

ii.   Pepsin – This enzyme secreted by gastric glands in the stomach and digest proteins into peptones.

iii.  Trypsin – This enzyme present in pancreatic juice. This enzyme digests proteins and peptones into peptides and amino acids.

iv.  Amylase (pancreatic amylase)- This enzyme present in pancreatic juice and digest starch into maltose.

v.   Lipase – This enzyme present in pancreatic juice and digest fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

(ii)   Hydrochloric acid is secreted by gastric glands in the stomach. This acid creates acidic medium for the action of pepsin. This acid activates pepsinogen into pepsin and also kills harmful bacteria in food.

 

Q5. Collect some of the food items from your kitchen eg cereals, pulses, black pepper and coriander seeds and check the common adulterant in each of these items.

Answer

Food item	Adulterants found	Edible/inedible
Cereals	Stones, husks, straw	Inedible
Pulses	Kesari dal, stones	Inedible
Black pepper	Dried papaya seeds	Inedible
Coriander seeds	Powdered cow dung, sawdust	Inedible
Turmeric powder	Starch coloured with metanil yellow dye	Inedible

Many common food items may contain harmful and inedible adulterants mixed to increase profit and weight. These adulterants can cause health problems.

 

Q6. Draw a diagram of human heart and label any six parts and also name the blood vessel that brings oxygenated blood to the human heart.

Answer

Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

 

Q7. List the three kinds of blood vessels of human circulatory system and write their functions.

Answer

Three blood vessels are following

   1. Arteries

   2. Veins

   3. Capillaries

   1. Arteries: - These vessels carry blood form the heat to different parts of the body. They caryy oxygenated blood except pulmonary artery. These vessels have thick and elastic walls to withstand high blood pressure. Example – Aorta

   2. Veins: - These blood vessels carry blood from different parts of the body to the heart. They carry deoxygenated blood except pulmonary vein. These vessels have thinner wall and valves to prevent backflow of blood. Example – Vena cava

   3. Capillaries: - These blood vessels connect arteries to veins. They allow exchange of oxygen, CO₂, nutrients and wastes between blood and body tissues. They have very thin wall (one cell thick) for easy diffusion.

 

Q8. State that how respiration in plants is different from respiration in animals?

Answer

 

Differences between Respiration in Plants and Animals

Features	Respiration in Plants	Respiration in Animals
Respiratory organs	Plants do not have special respiratory organs. Gas exchange takes places through stomata, lenticles and root hairs	Animals have well developed respiratory organs such as lungs, gills etc
Mode of gas exchange	Gases diffuse slowly from cell to cell.	Gases are exchanged rapidly through organs and transported by blood.
Rate of respiration	Respiration is slow because plants are less active and have lower energy needs.	Respiration id faster because animals are more active and need more energy.
Transport of gases	No special transports system of gases present.	Gases are transported by blood

 

 

Q9. Draw the labelled diagram of the human excretory system also mention the mechanism of excretion and the function of kidneys?

Answer

Mechanism of Excretion in Human

Excretion in human takes place in the kidneys through the following steps

   1. Filtration

  

   i. Blood containing wastes enters the glomerulus of the nephrons.

  

   ii.  Blood is filtered into Bowman’s capsule forming nephric filtrate.

   iii. RBCs and proteins are not filtered and remain in the blood

   2. Reabsorption

   i.  The filtrate passes through the renal tubule.

   ii.   Useful substance like glucose, amino acids, salts and water are reabsorbed into blood.

   iii.    Harmful waste urea left in the blood

    3. Formation of urine

   

    i.    The remaining waste forms urine

    ii. Urine passes out of the body from kidneys→ ureters →urinary bladder →urethra

 

Functions of Kidneys

   1. Excretion of nitrogenous waste: - Kidneys remove urea and other waste from blood.

   2. Osmoregulation: - Regulate the amount of water in the body.

   3. Maintain mineral balance: - Control levels of salts like sodium and chloride in the blood.

   4. Maintain internal environment: - Keep blood composition normal for proper body functions.

 

 

Q10. Give the schematic representation of gaseous exchange in tissues. Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys with respect to their structures.

Answer

The schematic representation of gaseous exchange in tissue

i.   Oxygen rich blood reaches tissues capillaries.

ii.  Oxygen gas diffuses form blood into tissue cells.

iii.Tissue cells produce carbon dioxide during respiration.

iv.    CO₂ diffuses form tissue cell into blood.

v.    Blood carries CO₂ to the lungs

Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys

 

Alveoli (in lungs)	Nephrons (in kidneys)
Alveoli are balloon-like structures ate the end of fine tubes of lungs	Nephrons are the cluster of capillaries in the kidneys
Alveoli is the unit of respiratory system	Nephrons are the unit of excretory system
Exchange of gases O2 and CO2 takes place	Filtration and reabsorption

 

 

Q11. Write a note on (a) Dialysis (b) Blood groups and transfusion

Answer

(a)       Dialysis: - It is an artificial method of removing waste products from the blood when the kidneys strops working properly. When kidneys fail to remove harmful waste and these wastes accumulate in the body and become poisonous.

     

Then these harmful wastes are removed through artificial method called dialysis. This works in the following steps:

i.   A tube is inserted into an artery of the patient’s arm or leg.

ii.  Blood flows into a dialysis machine.

iii. Blood flows through a tube with a semi permeable membrane in the machine.

iv.  The tube is surrounded by dialysis fluid.

v.   Waste substances like urea diffuse out of the blood into the dialysis fluid.

vi. Cleaned blood is returned back to the body through a vein.

(b)     Blood groups

   

Human blood is classified into four main groups based on the antigens present on RBC

 

Blood group	Antigen present	Antibody in plasma
A	A	Anti -B
B	B	Anti-A
AB	AB	None
O	None	Anti – A & B

 

(c)       Blood transfusion

  

Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood form a donor (healthy person) to a recipient(patient). Donor and recipient blood groups must be compatible. Unmatched blood transfusion causes agglutination of red cells due to which the recipient may die.

 Related Topics

1). NIOS Class 10 Science Worksheets Solutions Set 1

2). NIOS Class 10 Science Worksheets Solutions Set 2

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