NIOS Class 10 Science and Technology Chapter 2 Questions Answers

This chapter is from NIOS Class 10 Science and Technology Module 2 Matter in Our Surroundings. This post provides you complete answer of all intext and terminal questions given in the Matter in Our Surroundings

Our experienced teachers have provided easy and accurate answers to all questions that will help you complete your assignments.

 Matter in Our Surroundings -Overview

This chapter explains what is matter and its nature and also clarifies differences between solid, liquid and gas.  After reading this chapter, you can learn about the effects of pressure and temperature on states of matter.

Intext Questions 2.1 with Answers

Q1. What is matter?

Answer

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. It is made up of tiny particles called atoms.

Q2. Which of the following is not a pure substance?

  (a) Iron      (b)Water    (c) Soil

Answer – (c) Soil

Soil is a mixture of different substances.

Q3. Who coined the term “atom” and what does it mean?

Answer

The term “ atom” was coined by the ancient Greek philosopher Democritus.

“Atom” word comes from Greek word ‘ atomos” which means indivisible.

Intext Questions 2.2 with Answers

Q1. Which of the three states of matter has no definite volume? Give one reason for your answer.

(a)       Solid (b) Liquid (c) Gases

Answer

 ( c) Gases  -

Because gas particles have weak intermolecular forces and move freely in all directions so gas has no definite volume.

 Q2. Why do solids have definite shape?

Answer

Particles in solids have strong attraction forces so they are closely packed. These particles only vibrate in their positions. So, solids have definite shape.

Q3. Name a substance which exists naturally in all three states.

Answer

Water exists naturally in all three states- solid(ice), liquid(water) and gas(vapour)

Intext Questions 2.3 with Answers

Q1. Why gases are more compressible as compared to solids?

Answer

There are large spaces between molecule in gases due to weak attraction force but molecules in solids are closely packed due to strong attraction force.

So gases are more compressible than solids.

Q2. How can you change water into ice?

Answer

Water is in liquid state at room temperature but by lowering the temperature to 0 ºC or below causing it to freeze and change from liquid to solid state (ice)

Intext Questions 2.4 with Answers

Q1. Classify the following into element, compound and mixture.

Aluminium,carbon,granite,water,silicon,carbon dioxide, air and sugar

Answer

 

Element	Compound	Mixture
Aluminium	water	Granite
Silicon	Carbon dioxide	Air
Carbon	sugar

 

Q2. How does an element differ from a compound?

 Answer

An element is a pure substance made up of only one type of atom and can not be divided into simpler particles. Example – oxygen, hydrogen

A compound is a pure substance made up two or ore elements combined in fixed ratio. Example – `CO_2`,`H_2O`

Q3. Which is the most abundant element in the universe?

Answer

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe.

Intext Questions 2.5 with Answers

Q1. Say whether ethyl alcohol and water form a homogeneous mixture or heterogeneous mixture.

Answer

Ethyl alcohol mix completely and uniformly in water so they form a homogeneous mixture.

Q2. Give an example of homogeneous mixture obtained by mixing two solids.

Answer

Alloys are homogeneous mixture of two or more solids. Example – Brass – mixture of copper and zinc

Intext Questions 2.6 with Answers

Q1. To make one kilogram of 40% sugar solution by mass , how much sugar and water will you need?

 Answer

 Sugar – 40% of 1kg =0.4kg (400g)

Water – 60% of 1 kg = 0.6 kg (600g)

Q2. What is the name given to a liquid which dissolves a solid to make a solution?

Answer

The liquid that dissolves a solid to make a solution is called a solvent.

Q3. To make a give solution more concentrated, what will you add?

Answer

We will add more solute to make the given solution more concentrated.

Intext Questions 2.7 with Answers

Q1. Which physical property is used to separate iron granules form dust particles?

(a)       Magnetic (b) Electric (c) Density

Answer

(a)       Magnetic

Because iron is magnetic particles and dust is not magnetic.

Q2. The separation of sugar in the form of “mishree”  is called

(a)       Evaporation (b) Crystallisation (c) Distillation

Answer

(b)      Crystallisation

This process is used to form solid crystals from a solution.

Terminal Exercise with Answers

Q1. Indicate whether each of the following statements is true of false.

       (i)        A liquid has a definite shape

       (ii)      An element cannot be broken into simpler substances by chemical means.

      (iii)    A solid cannot be converted into a liquid even by increasing temperature.

       (iv)    A liquid can be converted into a solid by lowering temperature.

   Answer

   (i)        False

   (ii)      Ture 

      (iii)    False

    (iv)    True

Q2, Indicate the normal state (i.e., state at room temperature) of each of the following

        (i)        Iron

        (ii)      Water

       (iii)    Nitrogen

       (iv)    Carbon

        (v)      Gold

       (vi)    Oxygen

Answer

       (i)        Solid

       (ii)      Liquid

       (iii)    Gas

       (iv)    Solid

       (v)      Solid

        (vi)    Gas

Q3. Identify each of the following as an element, compound, mixture or solution

Milk,  sugar ,silver, air,  water ,sea water, iron, sugar, carbon dioxide

Answer

 Substance                  Type

        (i)        Milk mixture       (colloidal solution)

        (ii)      Sugar                  compound

       (iii)    Silver                   element

        (iv)    Air                       mixture

        (v)      Water                  compound

       (vi)    Sea water           mixture (solution)

       (vii)  Iron                    element

      (viii)        Carbon dioxide compound

Q4. Why is it important to store a cooking gas cylinder away from heat and flame?

Answer

It is important to store a cooking gas cylinder away form heat and flame because gas inside the cylinder may expand and pressure increase in cylinder which may cause gas leak or explosion.

Q5.Identify the most appropriate method to separate the following

Substance

        (i)        Separate water form yogurt

        (ii)      Separate clean water from muddy water

       (iii)    Separate oil form oil water mixture

      (iv)    Separate iron nails form sawdust

        (v)      Separate sugar from saturated sugar solution

Answer

        (i)        Filtration 

       (ii)      Sedimentation or distillation

       (iii)    Separating funnel

        (iv)    Magnetic separation

        (v)      Crystallization

NIOS Class 10 Science and Technology Solutions(212)

Chapter	Chapter Name
1	Measurement in Science and Technology
2	Matter in Our Surrounding
3	Atoms and  Molecules
4	Chemical Reactions and Equations
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10